Lark forest in Tsagaste Dava. 7/10 [date]. Going up the Tsagaste Dava, gen view of at the foot of pass. Mongolia, Tsagaste Dava. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 7 October 1914.

Forest clad & snow-toped mount Tsagaste D. “[ 7/10-1914]. Forest clad & snowtopped mountains in Tsagaste Dava. Tsagaste Dava. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 7 October 1914.

Magpie (Tsagaste Dava) “[ 7/10-1914]. A magpie in Tsagaste Dava, (she tailed us a long time). Tsagaste Dava. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 7 October 1914.

Magpie (Tsagaste Dava) “[ 7/10-1914]. A magpie in Tsagaste Dava, (she tailed us a long time). Tsagaste Dava. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 7 October 1914.

Tsagaste Nor (S. of the top of Tsagaste Dava) 8/10 [date]. Tsagaste Nor, to the S of the Tsagaste Dava Pass. Tsagaste Dava. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 8 October 1914.

Some of Dalai Wang’s ponies. Western Mongolia. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 9 October 1914.

The ass-end “ of our caravan. My cook at the rear end of the caravan. Western Mongolia. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 9 October 1914.

Tsjekin Tsagan Nor (E. end). 10/10 Tsekhin Tsagan Nor (Towards Tsagan Nor. Tsekhin Tsagan Nor. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 10 October 1914.

Where river goes out of Tsekhin Tsagan Nor (over caravan). Where river goes out of Tsekhin Nor; My caravan. Tsekhin Tsagan Nor. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 10 October 1914.

Where river goes out of Tsekhin Tsagan Nor] (lake in background)[10/10-1914]. Looking back (w.wards) towards Tsekhin Tsagan Nor. Tsekhin Tsagan Nor. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 10 October 1914.

Our camp in the morning 11/10 [date]. Our camp in the morning (a young Russ. boy visiting). Tsekhin Tsagan Nor. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 11 October 1914.

Cholote Gol [11/10-1914]. Cholote Gol through a 200 feet deap canyon. Cholote Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 11 October 1914.

[Cholote Hotel] [11/10-1914]. Cholote Gol through a 200 feet deap canyon. Cholote Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 11 October 1914.

Cholote Hotel [11/10-1914]. Cholote Gol through a 200 feet deap canyon. Cholote Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 11 October 1914.

Caravan in forest on banks of Cholote Gol, 11/10-1914. Our caravan along the bank of the Cholote canyon. Cholote Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 11 October 1914.

Our caravan crossing Cholote Gol, 11/10-1914. Our caravan crossing the cholote Gol above the canyon. Cholote Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 11 October 1914.

3 partsidges and my rifle, 12/10 [date]. Three partridges & the Russ. rifle I used to shoot them. Western Mongolia. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 12 October 1914.

Mountain near our camp (from wherewe heard a howling during night) 13/10 (date). Mountain near camp (where we heard howling in the evening. Western Mongolia. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 13 October 1914.

Our caravan going through forest, 13/10 [date]. Our caravan going through a forest pass. Western Mongolia. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 13 October 1914.

Our caravan going through forest, 13/10-1914. Our caravan going through a forest pass. Western Mongolia. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 13 October 1914.

Mongol dog watching his food against magpies, 14/10 1914. A Mong. dog watching his food against brave magpies. Western Mongolia. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 14 October 1914.

2 old Turkish stones near Hoit Tamir, 14/10-1914. Two old Turkish tomb stones near Hoit Tamir Gol. Mongolia; Hoit Tamir Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 14 October 1914.

2 old Turkish stones near Hoit Tamir, 14/10-1914. Two old Turkish tomb stones near Hoit Tamir Gol. Mongolia; Hoit Tamir Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 14 October 1914.

My camel-driver with my biggest Bustard, 15/10 1914. My cameldriver with my record Bustard. Western Mongolia. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 15 October 1914.

The cook & the Bustard on camel-back, last 15/10-1914. My cook plucking the bustard while the caravan moves. Western Mongolia. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 15 October 1914.

Mongol cow in high grass in Harathang Gol, 18/10 1914. A Mongolian cow in high grass on the Kharatkhang Gol. Western Mongolia, Harathang Gol, Near Hoit Tamir Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 18 October 1914.

Big caravan in Harathang Gol, 18/10-1914. Our caravan in high grass on the Kharathang Gol. Mongolia, Harathang Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 18 October 1914.

Our camp in 2 feet snow. The old ruins on H. G in back, 19/10 1914. Ruins on Kharathang G in back. Mongolia, Harathang Gol. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 19 October 1914.

Native boats on the Tola river, 21/10 1914. Mong. dug-out ferry boats on the Tola Gol. Mongolia; Tola river, Tuul river. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 21 October 1914.

Native boats on the Tola river. Mong. dug-out ferry boats on the Tola Gol. 21/10-1914. Mongolia; Tola river, Tuul river. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 21 October 1914.

Our caravan crossing Tola river, 21/10-1914. Our caravan crossing the Tola Gol. Mongolia; Tola river, Tuul river. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 21 October 1914.

Tsagan Nor frozen 22/10 1914. The frozen Tsagab Nor. Mongolia, Tsagan Nor. Return trip from Uliassutai to Urga. 22 October 1914.

Temple in Maimaiching. Chinese temples in Maimaiching. Ulan Bator [historically Urga], Maimaiching. Urga, November 1914.

Temple in Maimaiching. Chinese temples in Maimaiching. Ulan Bator [historically Urga], Maimaiching. Urga, November 1914.

Temple in Maimaiching. Chinese temples in Maimaiching. Ulan Bator [historically Urga], Maimaiching. Urga, November 1914.

Lobsen Jontsangs tent with house attached. Lobsen Yantsan Gun’s yurt with house attached. Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Ulan Bator historically Urga. Urga, November 1914.

Bogdin-Ole snow-clad. Bogdin Ola (holy mountain) snow clad. Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Ulan Bator [historically Urga], Bogdin Ola mountain. Urga, November 1914.

The horse and camel market, holy city in background. The horse & camel market on main street Gandung behind. Mongolia, Urga. Urga, November 1914.

The new Russian Urga (homes). New Russian houses built this summer. Mongolia, Urga. Urga, November 1914.

The new Russian Urga (homes). New Russian houses built this summer. Mongolia, Urga. November 1914.

Lobsen’s wolfe-dog. Our Mong. wolf dog having a strech. Mongolia, Urga. Urga, November 1914.

Hackman’s fot [?] fighting 2 goats. Mr. Hackman’s Fox having stand on two goats. Mongolia, Urga. November 1914.

Mongolian children (shara-hou). Mongolian children in Maimaiching (Incl. Shara Hu). Mongolia, Urga. November 1914.

Hackman –buckroll weighing Kirosine. Hackman & Bucknoll weighin kerosene tins. Mongolia, Urga. November 1914.

Hackman & his Russian turnout. Mr. Hackman with his Russian horse & carriage. Mongolia, Urga. November 1914.

Myself with a long beard. O.M. with a full beard. Mongolia, Urga. November 1914.

Camel-head, 29/11 1914. A camels head. Mongolia, Urga. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 29 November 1914.

Two desert tramps. Two desert tramps begging at our camp. Southeastern Mongolia. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 1 December 1914.

Ude telegraph-station 7/12 1914. The Udde telegraph station (Halfway Urga-Kalgan). Mongolia, Dornogovi province, South of Zamyn-Üüd sum[anglicized as ‘Udde’. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 7 December 1914.

Ude telegraph-station 7/12 1914. The Udde telegraph station (Halfway Urga-Kalgan). Mongolia, Dornogovi province, South of Zamyn-Üüd sum[anglicized as ‘Udde’. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 7 December 1914.

Ude telegraph-station 7/12 1914. The Udde telegraph station (Halfway Urga-Kalgan). Mongolia, Dornogovi province, South of Zamyn-Üüd sum[anglicized as ‘Udde’. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 7 December 1914.

Lone tree south of the telegraph station 8/12 1914. Lone poplar tree S. of Udde. Mongolia, Dornogovi province, South of Zamyn-Üüd sum[anglicized as ‘Udde’]. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 8 December 1914.

Bucknoll on his camel 8/12 1914. Fred Bucknell on his camel. Mongolia. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 8 December 1914.

Erickson & his antelope & my dog 10/12 1914. Erickson with an antelope. Mongolia. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 10 December 1914.

Self with antelope and dog 10/12 1914. O.M. with antelope and Siberian laica dog Bayer. Mongolia. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 10 December 1914.

Coffin on way to China 12/12 1914. A Chinese coffin in our caravan. Mongolia. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 12 December 1914.

Mending a camel’s feet 17/12 1914. Mending a camel’s feet. Mongolia. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 17 December 1914.

Erickson on camel-back (Hallong Osso) 18/12 1914. Erickson on camelback at Hallong Osso. Mongolia, Hallong Osso. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 18 December 1914.

Old whater-tower at Hara Bolgasum 10/12 1914. Chi. Joss hpouse on old watch tower of Hara Balgasum. Mongolia, Hallong Osso. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 20 December 1914.

Old whater-tower at Hara Bolgasum 10/12 1914. Chi. Joss house on old watch tower of Hara Balgasum. Mongolia, Hara Bolgasum. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 20 December 1914.

Self on arrival in Kalgan. O.M. with full beard in Kalgan. 23/12 1914. Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 23 December 1914.

Little before arrival in Kalgan. December. O.M. with full beard & in travelling outfit in Gobi. China; Hebei province; Gobi desert near Zhangjiakou (historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’). (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 23 December 1914.

Four-horned sheep. Sheep (ord. Mong) with four horns. China; Hebei province. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 23 December 1914.

Four-horned sheep. Sheep (ord. Mong) with four horns. China; Hebei province. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 23 December 1914.

Four-horned sheep. Sheep (ord. Mong) with four horns. China; Hebei province. (Urga-Kalgan Caravan trip, Nov-Des 1914.) 23 December 1914.

Mongol-lady, tent & children. November. Lobsen Yantsang’s sister and adapted children. Mongolia, Urga. November 1914.

Russian Kossacks drilling. Russian kosacks drilling in Urga. Mongolia, Urga. November 1914.

Schroder & myself after xmasparty. Flashlight snaps from Xmas & New Year festivals, Kalgan. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. Kalgan, 25 December 1914.

Schroder, Clemens & self after xmasparty. Flashlight snaps from Xmas & New Year festivals, Kalgan. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. Kalgan, 25 December 1914.

After xmasparty. 25/12 1914. Flashlight snaps from Xmas & New Year festivals, Kalgan. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. Kalgan, 25 December 1914.

New-years party in B.A.T. mess, Kalgan. 25/12 1914. Flashlight snaps from Xmas & New Year festivals, Kalgan. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. Kalgan, 25 December 1914.

[Text crossed out] F.M. Schroder. Jan F.M.Schroeder. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). January 1915.

[Text crossed out] Tame partridges. [Jan] Chukars in the B.A.T.mess, eggs brought by Schroeder. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). January 1915.

Gate in Hsuanghuafu. 7/1 1915. A city gate in Hsuanhuafu. China; Hsuanhuafu. (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). January 1915.

Greyhound (Kalgan mess). [Jan] One of Rustad’s Australian greyhounds. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). January 1915.

Jan. 1915. My Siberian dog. [Jan] Bayer, my Sib.laika or deer hound. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). January 1915.

My Siberian dog. [Jan] Bayer, my Sib.laika or deer hound. Jan. 1915. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). January 1915.

My Siberian dog. [Jan] Bayer, my Sib.laika or deer hound. Jan. 1915. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). January 1915.

Jan. 1915. Hutuktu (Mongol dog). Hutuktu, enormous Mong. watchdog at B.A.T. mess. China; Hebei province; Zhangjiakou [historically anglicized as ‘Kalgan’]. (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). January 1915.

Tatungfu wall-gate, 7/1 1915. A wall gate of Tatungfu. China; Shanxi province; Datong (Latin ‘Tatungfu’). (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). 7 January 1915.

Tatungtu Street-gate 7/1 1915. A gate on the street in Tatungfu. China; Shanxi province; Datong (Latin ‘Tatungfu’). (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). 7 January 1915.

Tatungtu, Ruined gate, 7/1 1915. How the old Tatungfu wall goes to pieces. China; Shanxi province; Datong (Latin ‘Tatungfu’). (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). 7 January 1915.

Tatungtu. Ruined wall near a gate. 7/1 1915. How the old Tatungfu wall goes to pieces. China; Shanxi province; Datong (Latin ‘Tatungfu’). (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). 7 January 1915.

Tatungtu. Railway station, 7/1 1915. The Tatungfu railway station Tatungfu. China; Shanxi province; Datong (Latin ‘Tatungfu’). (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). 7 January 1915.

Tatungtu. Railway [unintelligible], 7/1 1915. Coolie shelter, half underground, kaoliang stalk roof. Northern China; Shanxi province; Datong (Latin ‘Tatungfu’). (Kalgan and surrounding 1915). 7 January 1915.

First nights inn (below Hanorpa). 15/1 1915. Inn in Hanor Pass, where we spent first night out. Hanorpa pass. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 15 January 1915.

One of our ponies turned round in the shafts, 16/1 1915. One of our cart ponies turned over in the shafts. Northern China. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 16 January 1915.

Young pigs at a Chinese farm, 19/1 1915. Northern China. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 19 January 1915.

Tresting oats at a Chinese farm (horse-rollers), 19/1 1915. Threshing oats with rollers pulled by horses, Chi. farm. Northern China. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 19 January 1915.

Icy water-cart. Dollor Nor, 20/1 1915. Overiced water cart. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 20 January 1915.

Small temple Do. [Dollor Nor]. 20/1 1915. The small lama temple (Dollon Nor). China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 20 January 1915.

Big temple [Dollor Nor]. 20/1 1915. Main building of big Lama temple, Dollon Nor. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 20 January 1915.

Sidebuilding inside big temple, Dollor Nor, 20/1 1915. Sidebuilding inside big temple compound. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 20 January 1915.

Chinese temple (from street) [Dollor Nor]. Do. 22/1 1915. Chinese temple seen from: 1 street, 2 yard [Dollon Nor]. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 22 January 1915.

Chinese temple (from yard). [Dollor Nor]. 22/1 1915. Chinese temple seen from: 1 street, 2 yard. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 22 January 1915.

Cartridge monument [Dollor Nor]. 22/1 1915. Cartridge shaped monument over Chinese general. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 22 January 1915.

Cartridge monument (from yard) [Dollor Nor]. 22/1 1915. Cartridge shaped monument over Chinese general. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 22 January 1915.

Our B.A.T. dealers shop & crew. The B.A.T. dealers shop and crew Dollon Nor. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 22 January 1915.

Ta-Liang-Di & proprietor. 25/1 1915. Ta Liang Ti & its proprietor. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 25 January 1915.

Chinese soldiers with an antelope. 25/1 1915. A Chinese soldier with an antelope he shot. China; Inner Mongolia; Duolun; Dolon Nor [also ‘Doloon nuur’ and ‘Dolonnur’]. (Kalgan-Dollon Nor trip, Jan 1915). 25 January 1915.